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How to Create Large Format Printing Graphics

Bringing gorgeous creative images to life takes a lot more than simply pushing a button. Printers and graphic designers work hand-in-hand to ensure a high quality translation from a digital file into printed materials that range from small to stadium-size! When partnering with a large format printer stunning graphics are easy by following best practices and guidelines for printing at scale. This whitepaper outlines step-by- step what you need to consider before you begin the graphic design process, as well as how to deliver that file to your printer.

Table of Contents

Designing at Scale

When creating graphic designs for large format printing, designers need to keep in mind that if the graphics don’t meet the printer’s specifications, they’ll be sent back for revisions, which can lead to delays in production and quality loss if they don’t receive the files they need. While it may be tempting to create an initial design in a quick and easy to use graphics design tool, if the file isn’t prepared to scale from the start, you may spend double the time and headache, trying to redesign the file for scale.

The quality of your large scale printing will depend on three key factors:

Resolution

The resolution defines how much detail the image can convey. Images captured at a higher resolution (think more than 1 GB sized photos), the more easily the image can scale. Screen, print and large scale resolutions vary. Always use the optimal resolution for your printing as the quality of the image is tied to how effective the live art will be.
high res vs low res image
Top: high resolution, bottom: low resolution

Color Profile

Colors vary wildly between digital and live design. There’s nothing more disappointing than seeing a print that doesn’t match the intended color or branding. Translating from digital to print is required so that the file will look exactly the way they were designed.

Printing Package

Oftentimes art files are delivered hastily under deadline. A high quality printer will always review a design before they send it to their machines to reduce errors. Any changes that need to be made due to an incorrect file or resolution can result in printing delays and potentially missed deadlines. Ensuring a successful transition from designer to printer is imperative.

Creating The Perfect File for Printing

The designer has the tough task of determining how a brand will come to life in a large design. Creating the perfect file includes:

Choosing Graphics Software

When the right software is used and the artboard is prepared for printing from the start, precious time is saved on revisions. For creating large scale printing images, professional design programs are the way to go. With professional graphics in mind, they are already capable of preparing printing file packages.

The most common and popular programs are:

Plugins and free design tools are not recommended for large print files. However if this cannot be avoided, be sure to use a software that has vector capabilities so that the art can be scaled while maintaining resolution. Free tools often have vector exporting capabilities, but stop short of being able to edit vector graphics.

Choosing the Right Color Mode

The common digital color profile is Red, Green, Blue, or more commonly referred to as RGB. Unfortunately, RGB is a digital color formatting that is primarily used for screens. Print graphics use Cyan, Magenta, Yellow and Black (CMYK) toner that mixes the 4 tones to create a rainbow of colors. For those seeking an exact color match, use CMYK as the color mode when setting up the artboard and include Pantone colors in your slug so the printer can spot check the color. Pantone colors are recommended as they are used universally among printers and are similar to Hex Codes.
Black
Rich Black
Registration Black
Because printing combines 4 colors and one of the colors is black, it can be easy to assume that all black tone is created equal, but in fact there are 3 types of Black:

Black

Commonly called “Flat Black,” is 100% saturation of the black toner only, providing a cooler, or stark, black tone.

Rich Black

Uses a combination of the CMYK to present a color that presents visually as black to the eyes, but includes hints of yellow, pink and blue. Rich Black provides a warm tone that enhances vibrant colors more than Flat Black.

Registration Black

Describes the color when all four toners are used at 100%. Registration Black is not recommended for large printing due to the saturation of ink. When too much toner is put on the material it tends to take longer to dry and can potentially smudge as the machine spools out more material.
The right resolution will produce the right quality image, but the fonts and colors included in the image can impact the clarity and perception. Delicate fonts with thin attributes will not be clear when scaled. Likewise the more contrast there is between your background and font colors, the easier it will be to read.

Printing Mode Artboard

Creating an artboard that supports the needs of a printer will help both the designer and the printer. There are alignment tools and lines that can be used to ensure visual alignment of the graphics and a more polished look.

Common terms used in a print artboard:

The Bleed – The part of the graphic located on the edge that goes outside the trimming boundaries to ensure that the design is flush with the edges.
The Trim – The final document size once the material is cut.
The View – The visible part of the document. When Preview mode is selected, the software will only show you the art that will be visible.
The Safe Frame – the distance from the edge where text and logos are “safe” from trimming.
The Slug – part of the production file that is outside of the printing range used to include information about the file like spot colors.

For best practices, keep Printer Marks and Color Bars outside of the BLEED area to avoid accidentally showing them in the art. For text and vital design elements, provide at least 1/8” separation between the critical design elements and the TRIM area.
graphic printing terminology

Build Graphics That Scale

Understanding Resolution
Resolution is the amount of detail an image holds. This is measured in printing graphics by dots per inch, or DPI. DPIs are also commonly known as pixels. High quality printing is usually defined as 300 DPI for photo books. However, this resolution is not always obtainable at scale and may not be needed depending on how it’s viewed. The printer should provide you with the exact specifications before you start designing. Similar to an impressionist painting, an image may appear grainy, or pixelated, up close, but looks fine from a distance. Use 100% sizing when designing and a resolution of at least 150 DPI for graphics that are viewed within 10 feet. If the regular viewing of the print will be more than 10 feet, the minimum resolution should be 60 DPI. Prints larger than 150” (about 12.5’), should use a 10% scale instead of 100% sizing. When doing this, you will likely need to adjust your DPI while designing.

Vector vs. Raster

Rasterizing is a common practice in design to reduce the file size by translating large images into lower resolution. Most digital graphics will use raster art as it’s a lighter file that affects load times. For larger printing formats, raster images that are then scaled up become pixelated, which ruins the image quality and reduces the effectiveness of the printed image. Best practices are to use vector art, which stores information as a compilation of directions rather than an image. This makes it easier to scale the image to as large or as small as you need it while maintaining the original quality. Adobe Illustrator and InDesign can create vector files natively, which makes it easier to design in one program.
Phillies Red October street pole banners.

Pro Tips for Faster Client Approval

Usually graphic designers need to gain client approval before they can send the file to the printer. This can sometimes mean multiple versions of the same file and can get cumbersome after a few revisions.

Here are some pro tips for getting approvals fast:

  • Maintain Version Control – Name the version you are on with a quick “V1” or “V2” at the end of the file name so you’ll know which version you’re on and can refer back to previous designs. It’s recommended to clone the project so that the previous versions can still be accessed and edited.
  • Mockup – Oftentimes it’s difficult for people to envision what the final design will look like. When creating an out-of-home design like a banner, advertising event package or wall mural, go the extra mile and include a mockup of what the design will look like in real life by applying your design over an image of where it will be. When designing an immersive experience, try creating a small scale diorama of the location and where the art will be so that your clients can truly envision how the art will look within the space.
  • Scale Down – When sending a file to the client, be sure to create the smallest file size possible while maintaining resolution. This will make it easier to send the file for approval through email and avoid triggering the SPAM filters.

Proper File Format

Packages need to be small enough to be transferred online with the ability to have lossless resolution when scaled from inches to feet. In order to create an art file that is small enough to upload, but can still scale, the art cannot be rasterized. Packaging the design files correctly will reduce the need for the printing team to ask for revisions to the art package supplied. Below are best practices for large format printers.

While it may be tempting to send a PDF, resist. Native design files are best to be sent to the printer so they can tweak the design as needed based on their specific printers. File types vary by program. Here are some commonly preferred formats by design program:

  • Adobe Photoshop: .psd, .psb, .eps, .tif
  • Adobe Illustrator: .ai, .eps
  • Adobe InDesign: .ind, .eps
  • Quark Express: .qxd, .qxp

Include, Don’t Embed Links

Design software keeps links to the files that are used for the graphics and font in folders while a designer is working on the file. There is an option to embed the links, which is used to reduce the file size; however, for printers, you will want to include the links–and the folders that the project is linking to. This way the printer has everything they need to open, scale and adjust the art as needed to work with the equipment that they have.

Outline Fonts

Because the file needs to be scaled up in size, the printer will need a copy of the fonts you are using. When preparing your file to send to the printer, you’ll need to address the fonts in the file by either including a copy of the font with the printing package or to outline the fonts.

Best practice would be to outline the font, or change the fonts into vector images, so that they can be scaled up or down without losing resolution. Once a font is outlined, it cannot be edited as text, so be sure to complete this step as part of the preflight and not before the copy is approved.

Common fonts like Arial, Times New Roman or Georgia are available for free and can be used without issues. However, if you paid for the font you’re using, double check the licensing on the font to ensure it can be used commercially with the license type you’ve purchased and always create font outlines so there are no delays due to license issues.

Best Practices for Sending a Design File:

Image Preparation

The quality of finished print will be limited by the resolution of the image. Include any images in as high a resolution as possible. It’s easy to scale down, but scaling up decreases the resolution.

When scanning images, be sure to set the scanner to at least 300 DPI. Images downloaded from the internet are most often not an acceptable resolution for printing.

Zip It!

Large format printing files can oftentimes be gigabytes of data that can take a while to transfer. While it’s best to scale down the artwork to 25% when sending large format (anything larger than 3 feet), files can still be massive. Once the prepared file is as small as possible, take the folder and compress it by either using a WinZip (*.zip) or Stuffit (*.sit) on a PC or the “Compress” action on a Mac.

Final Step: Sending Your Files

You have two choices for sending large files to the printer:

  1. Transfer the files online.
  2. Mail a copy of the files.

Transfer the File Online

By far the easier and fastest way to get your art to the printer is by using their FTP server to upload the file directly to the printer’s server. FTP servers use a specific link and are usually password protected.

Learn how to upload files for your local Color Reflections location.

Once the files have been transferred, it’s always best practice to alert your sales representative that the file has been uploaded so they can check that the file was received and that it’s designed to specifications.

Mail a Copy

If the file is too large to be uploaded, you can always mail a copy of the art files directly to your printer. Files that are physically transferred will need to be loaded onto a physical device that can hold the storage information. Commonly accepted formats include:

  • CDs
  • DVDs
  • USB Drives

As a precautionary measure, it’s always a good idea to encrypt, or password-protect, the file storage. Once on the physical storage, files can be sent via USPS, UPS or FedEx.

Find the address for your local Color Reflections office.

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